What should the role of the state be in contemporary society Essay

What should the role of the state be in contemporary society - Essay Example A State is the main institution which exercises power on behalf of the people in the contemporary society. It is bestowed with legitimate authority by the society for preserving its institutions for the betterment of the welfare of all. The contemporary society has empowered the state to make and impose laws that are necessary for the harmonic existence of all members of the society (Woodrow, 2001). The main role of State is providing protection to the entire society (Petricus, 2009). This core role of the state arises from the fact that it is almost impossible to guarantee all members of society protection that is based on voluntary arrangement amongst individuals. There is need for an institution that is acceptable to the entire society to provide protection from both internal and external forces that may threaten the well being of individual members or the entire society. Protection by state refers to securing the rights, liberties and freedoms of the individuals as well as their property. This role is undertaken by one authority within a given society to avoid conflicts which may arise in dispensation of this important duty. However the state has other important roles which are related to its protective role such as promoting economic welfare of the society, provision of basic needs such as food, shelter and education. This paper is a critical evaluation of the roles of the state in the contemporary society. The Protective Role of the State The protective role of the state to the society can be understood by evaluating the status of security and human rights practices in stateless societies such as Somalia in comparison with a society which has an effective system of governance such as the United States of America. It is evident that there is widespread abuse of human rights and lack of protection in a stateless society. Somalia is a country in the horn of Africa, which has survived for more than 10 years without a formal authority to govern the citizens. A s a result, numerous criminal organizations such as Al-Shabaab have continued to terrorize citizens as well as committing atrocities against the country’s peaceful neighbors. As a result, Somalia has continued to lag behind in terms of development especially due to power struggles, which have created conflicts that have resulted to some of the citizens seeking refuge in some of the neighboring countries since there is no sufficient security. This has also created a loophole which has facilitated international terrorist organizations such as Al-Qaida with a ground to fulfill their violent missions around the world (Abukhalil, 2006). It is important to note that the powers of the state are at times abused for the benefits of the ruling class thus negating the core role of this important societal institution. Since, by design, some members of the society exert relatively higher control on the state, it is possible for such group to extract more benefits than the majority of the society who are under control through acts of corruption and nepotism. It is for this reason that recent developments in some of the Arab nations such as Egypt, Tunisia and Libya, have taken place, where civilians have taken it upon themselves to overthrow corrupt leaders, whose main agenda was to remain in power and continue to acquire illegal wealth. The western society and other societies which have adopted and successfully implemented democratic ideals have at their disposal three means by which they protect themselves from undue exploitation by the state. These are; restraint through judicial processes, voicing concern through voting in general elections and removing irresponsible officials through votes of no confidence as well as invoking the right to hold non violent

Language Issues in Public Discourse Research Paper - 1

Language Issues in Public Discourse - Research Paper Example This essay will explore three ways in which the English language is changing, and the discourse around those changes, as they are being debated and discussed in the media. Political language and how it changed during the Bush era in the United States is being discussed widely in academic circles and this phenomenon will be examined and analyzed briefly. The printed media particularly in Great Britain raises the question of American terms and their effect on English worldwide. Contemporary magazine and newspaper articles form the basis of the discussion of the British attitude to American language in this essay. Current discussions regarding spelling are examined, from the perspective of young people, citing as examples a web forum, and the transcript of a high school debate. Finally, the trend toward politically correct language is the focus, with spoken and institutionalized language being examined. In short, this essay will comment on the changing language and how these changes are perceived across a reasonably wide spectrum of English speakers. (Not included in word limit) The Essay When discourse is analyzed, the linguistic output of someone other than the analyst is examined (Brown & Yule, 1983: 2). This implies that the analyst also contributes his/her own meaning to the analysis, and that the context of more than just the words, and the grammar of the language are at play. Brown and Yule (1983: 3) further contend that the language may contain features such as â€Å"†¦ hesitations, slips and non-standard forms† so that an analysis of written text on its own is perhaps never altogether complete. It is, however, also true that â€Å" †¦ the task is this: to think more deeply about the meanings we give people’s words do as to make ourselves better, more humane people and the world a better, more humane place.† (Gee, 2005: 3). Hence it is necessary to examine many aspects of language if a fuller understanding of the meaning of s ocial worlds as all individuals experience them is to be reached. There are certain aspects of language that are clearly of some concern to analysts and general public commentators. Media, both print and electronic, carries a significant amount of comment on the changing nature of English. Sometimes these aspects are serious and of great importance in the formation of the societies and their attitudes, values and behaviors; sometimes they are less serious but still interesting from a social and psychological perspective. One area which does carry great weight is in the leadership of societies. The leaders of communities worldwide do use language to form meanings and the understanding of the public. Hence it is necessary that everyone remain aware of the possible hidden meaning and unrevealed intentions of leaders and particularly politicians. When politicians speak, it is widely accepted that their motives are not always directly connected to the words and language they are using. I nevitably, their language has characteristics that show the real intention of their words: to persuade the public that what they say is correct, and that they should be voted for in the next election. Elena Mihas of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee has examined and commented on the language used during the Bush era in the United States. She highlights specifically the metaphoric and euphemistic forms of language used by politicians in this period, in addition to examining the coherence, arguments,

The Scarlet Ibis Essay Example for Free

The Scarlet Ibis Essay Answer the following questions honestly and thoughtfully. Be sure to write in full sentences and completely answer each question. Save your answers in your Network folder as Scarlet Ibis Questions. 1. How did you feel at the end of the story? Elaborate and explain in detail. 2. Does Doodle and or his brother remind you of anyone real or in other stories youve read or films you might have seem? Explain why or why not. 3. Have you had any personal experiences which help you to relate to this story? Describe an example from your life or another person’s. 4. What is a caul? Why did Aunt Nicey think the caul was important? Explain and support your answer. 5. What is significant about Doodle’s interaction with the bird the scarlet ibis. Find specific quotes from the text to support your answer. 6. In what way does the narrator’s pride help and also hurt Doodle? Provide textual evidence of both from the text. 7. The author, James Hurst, grew up in the southern part of the United States. How can we tell that the story took place in the South? Use at least two quotes from the story to support your answer. 8. What literary devices does Hurst use to tell his story? How do these devices help make the story effective? Offer textual support. 9. Does the story end the way you expect it to? Why does the author choose this ending? What effect does this conclusion have on the reader? 10. How would you like to have seen the story conclude? Be specific.

The Rights and Responsibilities of an Employee :: Rights Discrimination Age Essays

The Rights and Responsibilities of an Employee My co-worker Amina worked with a marketing firm for many years. When she applied to undertake internal training in new information services, her application was denied because management thought she was too old to learn new information technology like Internet and World Wide Web Marketing. Amina was directly discriminated against based on her age. After suing the company, she was compensated with cash and upper management wrote her a formal letter of apology saying, â€Å"We regret the incident happened but we will make sure such thing will not happen again.† After she shared her story with me, I was eager to research about age discrimination because even though most of the time age discrimination occurs to older employees in a work place but young employees such us myself are also considered most of the time as inexperience and incompetent. So that whether you are old or young knowing your rights and responsibilities as an employee is very important in today’s work force. Age discrimination can also happen in a more indirect way. Sometimes a condition, rule or policy, which seems to be fair and neutral, can actually have a greater negative impact on people of a particular age. For example, a job advertisement specifying that applicants must have 15 years experience would disadvantage young people. Unless this was a reasonable requirement of the job, it would be indirect discrimination and against the law. Every body wants a fair go in life but discrimination means that some people are denied opportunities or are treated badly. This is unfair, unnecessary and against the law. Anti-discrimination legislation makes it easier to every body to get a fair go in life by telling us about our rights and responsibilities as well as establishing process for making a complaint about discrimination and resolving complaints. â€Å"The queensland Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 says that it is against the law to discriminate people because of their age (whether they are young or old). It is also against the law to discriminate against a person on the basis of association with or relation to some one of a particular age. The Act also makes other forms of discrimination and sexual harassment against the law.† (EEOC 1991) Age discrimination occurs when someone is treated unfairly or badly compared to others because of how old they are. This happens because people have unfair, old-fashioned, stereotypical or prejudiced ideas or beliefs about older people or young people in particular. The Rights and Responsibilities of an Employee :: Rights Discrimination Age Essays The Rights and Responsibilities of an Employee My co-worker Amina worked with a marketing firm for many years. When she applied to undertake internal training in new information services, her application was denied because management thought she was too old to learn new information technology like Internet and World Wide Web Marketing. Amina was directly discriminated against based on her age. After suing the company, she was compensated with cash and upper management wrote her a formal letter of apology saying, â€Å"We regret the incident happened but we will make sure such thing will not happen again.† After she shared her story with me, I was eager to research about age discrimination because even though most of the time age discrimination occurs to older employees in a work place but young employees such us myself are also considered most of the time as inexperience and incompetent. So that whether you are old or young knowing your rights and responsibilities as an employee is very important in today’s work force. Age discrimination can also happen in a more indirect way. Sometimes a condition, rule or policy, which seems to be fair and neutral, can actually have a greater negative impact on people of a particular age. For example, a job advertisement specifying that applicants must have 15 years experience would disadvantage young people. Unless this was a reasonable requirement of the job, it would be indirect discrimination and against the law. Every body wants a fair go in life but discrimination means that some people are denied opportunities or are treated badly. This is unfair, unnecessary and against the law. Anti-discrimination legislation makes it easier to every body to get a fair go in life by telling us about our rights and responsibilities as well as establishing process for making a complaint about discrimination and resolving complaints. â€Å"The queensland Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 says that it is against the law to discriminate people because of their age (whether they are young or old). It is also against the law to discriminate against a person on the basis of association with or relation to some one of a particular age. The Act also makes other forms of discrimination and sexual harassment against the law.† (EEOC 1991) Age discrimination occurs when someone is treated unfairly or badly compared to others because of how old they are. This happens because people have unfair, old-fashioned, stereotypical or prejudiced ideas or beliefs about older people or young people in particular.

Marco Polo in Renaissance

Born in 1254 in Venice, Marco Polo is today a well-known figure of pre-Renaissance travels, and for his ground breaking travels to lands never before Journeyed by Europeans. He was an Italian traveler and author, and spent the majority of his life traveling and exploring. His father Nicola and uncle Miffed, both merchants, had conducted business and trade in Constantinople (now known as Istanbul) and the Crimea. However, when Genoas merchants, rivals to the Italian Polo's, took over trade in Constantinople, Nicola and Miffed were forced to find alternative trade opportunities.Thus, in 1260, they set out to the north of the Caspian Sea and reached Babushka (which was on the caravan route to China) and remained there for 3 years. Thereafter, in 1263, Joining the Persian envoys, they made their way to visit the Mongol Emperor Kabuki Khan in Changed (near present Beijing). To arrive there, they traveled the Silk Route via Samara Sand, the Northern Tibetan desert and the Mongolia Steppes. Upon their arrival, Kabuki Khan commissioned them to return with 100 missionaries to convert his nation to Christianity in opposition to the heartening Islamic armies.Over the next 3 years the Polo brothers traveled via Babushka, Persia, Syria and Acre (near Jerusalem) to arrive back home in Venice in 1269. The return to China In 1271, at the age of 17, Marco Polo accompanied his father and uncle back to China, visiting Acre to collect a letter from the newly elected Pope Gregory X for Kabuki Khan. They also collected a flask of oil from the Holy Land and 2 Dominican monks (who were later to desert the Pools) from Gregory X to deliver to the Khan. In the hopes of revealing to India by sea, the Pools traversed Persia to the mouth of the Persian Gulf, Horror.Yet, unsuccessful at finding a suitably safe boat, they continued traveling by land in a North-Easterly direction through Persians deserts and mountains to Karakas (now Khakis), on the Chinese border. As Marco Polo was ill, they waited here for a year to rest, after which they continued Journeying up the River Ox's (now AMA Dairy). They traveled through the Hindu Cush and Pamper mountains, (home of the large horned sheep that now bear Marco Polo's name), after which they traveled along the ringer of the Take Make desert to the region of Lop Nor in Sinking Province, China.Finally they crossed, by meaner of camel caravan, the Gobi Desert to reach (3 and a half years after leaving Europe) Kabuki Khan's court in Changed in 1275. The Pools were the first Europeans to reach most of the territory they had covered, particularly the Gobi Desert and Pamper mountains. Marco Polo's experiences in the Orient Marco Polo became an agent on numerous missions to various parts of the Mongolia Empire for 17 years as a part of the Khan's diplomatic service.As part of his duties, he Journeyed through Tibet as well as along the Yanking, Yellow and upper Mekong rivers. He was probably also the first European to set foot on Burmes e soil. It is believed he visited countries as far field as Siberia to Indonesian archipelago. He also visited the Mongolia capital at Khartoum. It is also believed that Marco Polo was city governor for Yanking (now Honchos) for three years from 1282 to 1285. During all this time, Marco's father and uncle served as military advisors to the Khan.As the Khan aged, the Pools were uneasy as to the Empire's soundness. In 1292 the Polo's escorted the Mongol princess to Persia, where she was to be married to the Persian Khan. They traveled for two years, having to use a sea route as war prevented the use of the land route. With a crew of 600 and a 14-ship fleet, they sailed from Sustain (today known as Quantico) on China's coastline to Horror. On their way to Horror they Journeyed through Sumatra, the Strait of Malice, past Sir Lankan, past the Madman and Nicolai Islands, reaching the city in 1294.By this time, however, only 18 of the original crew had survived, and the Persian Khan had di ed a year earlier, leaving the Mongolia Princess to marry his son. Finally, 24 years after the commencement of their travels, the Pools returned to their hometown of Venice in 1295. By that stage they were very wealthy, as they had sewn precious gems and stones to their clothing for safekeeping. When Venice went to war with Genoa, Marco Polo was a captain in the Venetian fleet. However, he was taken prisoner by theGenomes in 1298, and during his imprisonment dictated the history of his travels to inmate Rustically of Pisa, a writer of romances. When he was released from prison in 1299, he returned to Venice where he married, had 3 daughters, and later died in 1324. He was buried next to his father in the church of Lorenz. Polo's Legacy The account of Polo's travels, first brought to light in French as Liver De Marseilles du Monde, later translated to The Travels of Marco Polo, is most probably the most influential travel book in history.Providing the reader with distinct description s and orphic detail, this account provided pre-Renaissance Europe with an influential and revolutionary knowledge of the geographical make-up, history and life of the Orient. Although known to be somewhat exaggerated with fabulous extravagances, this book became the foundation for the first correct maps of Europe and Asia. The Polo's ultimately inspired Christopher Columbus' interest in the East and spurred him on to set off on a new west-ward route to the Orient in 1492, and later spurring Vases dad Gamma to round the Cape of Good Hope in another new voyage in 1497.

The Important Role of Employee Motivation - 574 Words

Employee motivation Generally, in all companies and other organizations employees play an important role in their work place. Each company tries to motivate their stuff in order to improve their working process more effectively and efficiency. It is commonly believed that motivated workers add their contributecompany to be productive. We are going to point out the best two motivating ways below. First method – provide a positive working environment First of all, building job satisfaction starts first via giving a positive work atmosphere for employees. We should find what motivates people. Also try to find what turns people on. In fact, this is the key of working process.Encouraging working environment needs some responsibility obligation and providing employees what needs necessaryfor them in their daily life. We created the brilliant working atmosphere for our employees in the company. Exactly, employee support centers are spread tactically in our company. Some of the services take in discount programs, childcare data,and money orders, postage stamps, checking money and also getting bus. Additionally workers are able to feel happy and energetic from these kinds of comfortable services. As a result taking care of employee’s needs working process and work quality undoubtedly improves dramatically in the company. Our company understood that if we take care of our employee’s needs it helps to save employees motivat ed on the job and dependable to the company. Second method –Show MoreRelatedThe Success Or Failure Of Any Firm Or Organization Depends Upon The Competency And Proficiency Of Its Workforce1584 Words   |  7 Pagesemployees, motivation is required from the workforce. Employee maintenance can be practiced by thoroughly motivating the employees in many ways. In the big organizational environment, it is hard for the supervisor to motivate employees as compared to the small organizational environment. 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What Is Buttermilk Does It Contain Butter

What is buttermilk? You might think it contains butter, but its really the result of a chemical reaction in any milk, including fat free milk. So, whether or not there is butter in it depends on the type of milk that is used. Buttermilk gets its name from the way it is produced. Buttermilk is the slightly sour liquid that is left over from churning butter. Since butter is the fatty portion of milk, buttermilk is relatively low in fat even when made from whole milk. The type of buttermilk made using butter sometimes does contain small flecks of butter, however, most buttermilk sold in stores is made by adding Streptococcus lactis, Leuconostoc citrovorum, or Lactobacillus bacteria to milk to curdle it into buttermilk. This type of buttermilk could contain milk fat or be fat-free or anywhere in between. Chemical Change in Buttermilk When buttermilk is made from butter, the milk sours naturally from bacteria present in the liquid. When bacteria added to milk to produce buttermilk, the bacteria ferment lactose, the primary sugar in milk, producing lactic acid. Lactic acid reduces the pH of the milk, causing the casein protein to precipitate. The acidity makes the milk taste sour, while the precipitated protein thickens the milk, essentially curdling it. Other Buttermilk Ingredients Buttermilk from stores frequently contains salt, added flavoring, and sometimes colorings to impart a golden or butter color. Water, sugar, salt, curry, and asafoetida are among the most common additives. Buttermilk is available in a dry powdered form, too, which may be rehydrated and used in recipes. Making Homemade Buttermilk If you want to make authentic homemade buttermilk, churn butter and collect the liquid. However, you can make buttermilk for recipes by simply adding 1 tablespoon of vinegar or lemon juice to any type of milk. The acid from the liquid ingredient acts the same as the acid produced by bacteria in natural buttermilk, thickening it. If you want the butter-yellow color of buttermilk, add a bit of yellow food coloring or a golden spice, as the recipe allows. Whichever method you use, refrigerate buttermilk until use. It is naturally a bit sour, but will become more acidic at warm temperatures.